Computer History
Charles Babbage (English: Charles Babbage) can be considered the first to invent a computer that works automatically, and that was in 1822 AD, where he developed and manufactured an engine capable of doing many arithmetic operations on numbers and then printing the results on paper, and I helped him in that Ada Lovelace (English: Ada Lovelace), who was considered by many to be the first computer programmer, but Charles Babbage was not able to completely finish the machine due to lack of financial resources. In 1837, Babbage presented the first mechanical computer with General use, and it was called the Analytical Engine, as the machine included a unit of computation and logic (in English: ALU), a flow control (English: flow control), and a memory, in addition to its support for punch cards (in English: punch cards), but Babbage also could not complete the machine; Due to lack of financial resources, but in 1910, his younger son Henry Babbage completed part of the machine; She became able to perform basic arithmetic operations.
The first programmable computer
In the period between 1936-1938 AD, the German Konrad Zuse (English: Konrad Zuse) invented the first programmable electromechanical computer that adopts binary counting (English: Binary), and it was called Z1 (English: Z1). During the same period, Alan Turing introduced the Turing machine, which is a machine that was able to print symbols on paper in a manner more like being a human being who performs a set of logical operations, and this machine was considered the birthplace of computing and computer theories in general.In 1942, Professor John Atanasoff (English: John Atanasoff) and his student Cliff Berry (English: Cliff Berry) invented the ABC (English: ABC) electric computer, which was able to perform arithmetic operations on numbers that depend on the binary system, In addition to Boolean logic operations, this device lacked a central processing unit, which made it not programmable.
The first electric programmable computer
In 1943, Tommy Flowers invented the first programmable electrical computer, and it was called Colossus, where Flowers invented this machine to help the British army decipher the encrypted messages of the German army. In the period between 1943 and 1944 CE, two professors at the University of Pennsylvania built the Eniac computer, which occupied an area of 800 square feet and contained a vacuum valve (in English: the vacuum tube), and this device is considered the grandfather of computers. The digital. In 1947, the transistor was invented in Bell Laboratories, where the vacuum valves were replaced.
The first programming language
The COBOL programming language (English: COBOL) is the first programming language to be developed for computers, and this was done in 1953 AD by Grace Hopper, and it was followed in the following year by the FORTRAN language, which was completed Its development at the University of Michigan.
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